In Search of Earth
April 29, 2011 in Science
“We have failed to uphold Brannigan’s Law. However I did make it with a hot alien babe. And in the end, is that not what man has dreamt of since first he looked up at the stars?”
-Zapp Brannigan
General Major Webelo, Democratic Order Of Planets
Captain Brannigan makes a very good point, mankind has been gazing up at the stars for a very long time. And for most of that time, we have had no idea what in the name of Yivo was up there. It was not until the most recent speck of human existence have we begun to grasp any of those distant objects we have been staring at since those brutal days of hunters vs. gatherers. Recently we have learned many things. We now know that stars are really just distant Suns, the Milky Way is also actually a gigantic, rotating star system called a galaxy, the Sun itself is a Star, one of hundreds of thousands located on one of the many spiral arms of our galaxy, and on top of that, the Milky Way is just one in a sea of billions of galaxies located in the vastness of space!
Even with this sudden insurgence of knowledge, we still know very little about what lies beyond the limits of our snug little spot in the Universe. Information is pouring in just as fast as we can process it but the possibilities of what else is out there is no smaller than what our ancestors could imagine as they huddled around midnight fires for warmth. Sure some fantasies can be dismissed but due to the shear size of our universe can anything really be flagged as impossible??? Perhaps time will tell, or maybe it will be a wayward traveler who fills us in on some the missing details.
Either way, one of the main topics of debate is, by far, the existence of life originating someplace other than on Earth. A topic that could, most probably, remain in debate for our species entire existence due to how secluded we are. Despite these insurmountable distances between star systems, we can’t just simple sit back and wait for an answer. We hunger for the unknown, it drives the very wheels that keeps us moving forward. Ever since Johannes Kepler postulated on planetary orbits back in 1600′s, scientists have been searching, theorizing and making astonishing discovers.
As the decades pass, humanity has learned more and more. Many have adopted and tested hundreds of techniques in their search for extraterrestrial life. From postulates of the Martian Canals, to the formulation of the Drake Equation (Green Bank Formula), and to the most recent endeavors of the Kepler Missions, our search continues with hopes of finding a twin, another Earth. This is exactly what the Kepler Mission is currently searching for, an exoplanet(s) within the habitable zone of a star system exhibiting Earth-like characteristics.
The Kepler Mission is an amazing project, its implements the use of a space-based photometer (Let’s just say a very impressive telescope.) that analyzes with stunning precision star fields within a 105 degree viewing area. This large viewing spectrum, allows NASA to track over 100,000 star systems over the course of 4 years. To simplify how the telescope detects planets, the telescope records the reduction of the brightness of a Star as a large object, presumably a planet, passes between that star and the photometer. Scientist can then analyze the data and determine the size and some fundamental characteristics (temperature) of the planet. To ensure that it is a planet, the photometer must observe the object’s transit across the Star, which would happen about once every year or so, depending on the object’s orbit around it’s Star, at least 3 or 4 times to verify and confirm a planet’s existence.

Here you can see the transit of a planet in front of a star. This is when the photometer will measure the slight reduction in the star's luminosity.
As of right now, the mission is in it’s 3rd year of operation, which is why there has been so much buzz about the existence of exoplanets (planets outside our solar system) over the last few months. NASA has been constantly releasing their fundings since early this year and will continue to do so as more confirmations are made. In fact, they constantly keep a running total of planetary candidates (over 2400 at the time of this post) and confirmed planets (15 at the time of this post) on their website, Kepler Mission. In fact, one of the 15 confirmed planets is theorized to be within the Star’s habitable zone! This would be great news for the those hoping for an abundance of possibly Earth-like planets!
These are some exciting times, and the possibilities are looking promising for life-supporting planets in, what may soon be, are not so distance galactic neighbors!





























